{"id":3921,"date":"2022-09-02T13:58:10","date_gmt":"2022-09-02T12:58:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3921"},"modified":"2022-09-02T13:58:12","modified_gmt":"2022-09-02T12:58:12","slug":"plisne-v-potravinach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3921","title":{"rendered":"Pl\u00edsn\u011b v potravin\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/strong>bezpe\u010dnosti potravin a v\u00fd\u017eivy<\/strong><\/a> pat\u0159\u00ed k d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm prvk\u016fm ochrany ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed. Takzvan\u00e9mu m<\/strong>onitorov\u00e1n\u00ed diet\u00e1rn\u00ed expozice populace se St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav v\u011bnuje u\u017e od roku<\/strong> 1993. D\u00edl\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdsledky za rok 2021 prok\u00e1zaly u n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f potravin p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9m kontaminace pl\u00edsn\u011bmi. Ukazuj\u00ed tak\u00e9, \u017ee stravu \u010cech\u016f dnes u\u017e  m\u00e9n\u011b zat\u011b\u017euj\u00ed p<\/strong>olychlorovan\u00e9 bifenyly (PCB), z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e olovem se tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eila, d\u00edky nahrazen\u00ed v benz\u00ednech, ale kadmium je st\u00e1le ve strav\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u011b zat\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm prvkem. Celkov\u011b ale z v\u00fdsledk\u016f <\/strong>zpr\u00e1vy o pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9m monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm expozi\u010dn\u00edch d\u00e1vek podle spot\u0159eby v na\u0161\u00ed populaci<\/strong><\/a> vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee \u010cR pat\u0159\u00ed v tomto ohledu nad\u00e1le mezi nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b ve sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m monitorovac\u00edm obdob\u00ed se syst\u00e9m kontrol skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch projekt\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z nich je i C\u00edlen\u00fd monitoring hygienick\u00e9 a zdravotn\u00ed nez\u00e1vadnosti potravin v \u010cR se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na toxinogenn\u00ed pl\u00edsn\u011b. \u201eSpecializovan\u00e9 mykologick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed bylo zam\u011b\u0159eno zejm\u00e9na na popis a charakterizaci nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdskytu toxinogenn\u00edch vl\u00e1knit\u00fdch mikroskopick\u00fdch hub neboli  toxinogenn\u00edch pl\u00edsn\u00ed. Ty jsou toti\u017e v potravin\u00e1ch zdrojem pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00fdch jed\u016f \u2013 mykotoxin\u016f. Tyto jedy produkovan\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011bmi pak po konzumaci kontaminovan\u00fdch potravin p\u016fsob\u00ed na jednotliv\u00e9 org\u00e1ny v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble a jsou p\u016fvodci \u0159ady onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee, zat\u011b\u017euj\u00ed j\u00e1tra, ledviny i imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich jsou prok\u00e1zan\u00fdmi lidsk\u00fdmi karcinogeny, tedy jsou rakovinotvorn\u00e9,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> vysv\u011btluje vedouc\u00ed Centra zdrav\u00ed, v\u00fd\u017eivy a potravin Prof. MVDr. Ji\u0159\u00ed Ruprich, CSc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V osmi odb\u011brov\u00fdch term\u00ednech bylo odebr\u00e1no 38 druh\u016f komodit na 12 odb\u011brov\u00fdch m\u00edstech v \u010cR, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje celkem 456 vzork\u016f potravin. Testy odhalily ve 13 % vzork\u016f potravin jednozna\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1rodky\u00a0Aspergillus flavus<\/em>, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed mykotoxiny aflatoxiny. Aflatoxiny jsou karcinogenn\u00ed, pro lidsk\u00fd organismus ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed.\u00a0\u201eJak uk\u00e1zaly testy, potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1vky jedovat\u00fdch toxin\u016f mohou lid\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edmat v\u00a0potravin\u00e1ch jako \u010dern\u00fd a ovocn\u00fd \u010daj, polohrub\u00e1 mouka, t\u011bstoviny, r\u00fd\u017ee,\u00a0 pep\u0159, listov\u00e9 t\u011bsto, vla\u0161sk\u00e9 o\u0159echy, hr\u00e1ch a dokonce i d\u011btsk\u00e1 ka\u0161e,\u201c<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0potvrzuje profesor Ji\u0159\u00ed Ruprich.
(Cel\u00e1 odborn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va je publikov\u00e1na na webu SZ\u00da<\/a>.)\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u201eS ohledem na to, \u017ee tyto pro lidsk\u00fd organismus \u0161kodliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky jsou a\u017e produktem pl\u00edsn\u00ed, nelze je odstranit va\u0159en\u00edm. Pokud tedy nap\u0159\u00edklad z kontaminovan\u00e9 mouky upe\u010dete, pe\u010divo bude obsahovat \u0161kodliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Stejn\u011b tak t\u0159eba u \u010daje nezmiz\u00ed jedy p\u0159elit\u00edm horkou vodou. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed u\u017e jednou pl\u00edsn\u011bmi vyprodukovan\u00fdch mykotoxin\u016f je v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9. Jedinou radou je takov\u00e9 potraviny nepou\u017e\u00edvat, vyhodit. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u010dastou chybou je, kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 u\u017e dokonce vid\u00ed zasa\u017een\u00ed potravin pl\u00edsn\u00ed a jen odeberou nebo odkroj\u00ed viditeln\u011b plesnivou \u010d\u00e1st. Pl\u00edsn\u011b ale v\u017edy pror\u016fstaj\u00ed do cel\u00e9 potraviny. Pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dehokoli kde je u\u017e okem viditeln\u00e1 pl\u00edse\u0148 b\u00fdv\u00e1 jednozna\u010dnou cestou jak zat\u00ed\u017eit t\u011blo ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> varuje l\u00e9ka\u0159ka a \u0159editelka St\u00e1tn\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho \u00fastavu Barbora Mackov\u00e1.
(P\u0159esn\u00e9 rady jak se chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed pl\u00edsn\u011bmi a mykotoxiny jsou zde<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monitoring d\u00e1le upozornil na p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e stravy \u010cech\u016f kadmiem. \u201eTento t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd kov se dlouhodob\u011b hromad\u00ed v lidsk\u00e9m organismu. Pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 mezi rakovinotvorn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kozovat ledviny a j\u00e1tra, negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovat reproduk\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny a vliv m\u00e1 i na proces \u0159\u00eddnut\u00ed kost\u00ed neboli osteopor\u00f3zu. Pozornost vy\u017eaduje zejm\u00e9na fakt, na kter\u00fd pouk\u00e1zaly aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdstupy monitoringu, a to na vysokou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e kadmiem u d\u011bt\u00ed. Tam p\u0159esahuj\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 hodnoty dvojn\u00e1sobek stanoven\u00e9 limitn\u00ed expozi\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty. Znovu se tak potvrzuje, \u017ee je pot\u0159eba dlouhodob\u011b a systematicky db\u00e1t na \u017eivotn\u00ed styl a skladbu potravy u\u017e od d\u011btsk\u00e9ho v\u011bku. \u0160kodliviny jako aflatoxiny se toti\u017e \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad i v kakau, kter\u00e9 pak d\u011bti p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e s \u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobky, ale i v dal\u0161\u00edch potravin\u00e1ch,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> upozornila MUDr. Barbora Mackov\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V obdob\u00ed 2020\/2021 pro\u0161lo anal\u00fdzou celkem 189 druh\u016f potravin v podob\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159\u00ed a p\u016fl tis\u00edce  individu\u00e1ln\u00edch vzork\u016f. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee z doporu\u010den\u00fdch d\u00e1vek potravin ve skupin\u00e1ch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f a t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een se z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e kadmiem bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed evropsk\u00e9mu toxikologick\u00e9mu limitu (78 % TWI). V\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je pak expozice u d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v obdob\u00ed 2020\/2021 p\u0159ekra\u010dovala dvojn\u00e1sobek limitu (201 % hodnoty TWI). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm expozi\u010dn\u00edm zdroj\u016fm pat\u0159ily brambory a v\u00fdrobky z brambor, d\u00e1le b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 a jemn\u00e9 pe\u010divo, mouka, t\u011bstoviny a r\u00fd\u017ee. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace kadmia byly zaznamen\u00e1ny v kakau, bramborov\u00fdch lup\u00ednc\u00edch, ara\u0161\u00eddech, s\u00f3ji a v\u00fdrobc\u00edch z n\u00ed, d\u00e1le ve slan\u00e9m trvanliv\u00e9m pe\u010divu, \u0161pen\u00e1tu, ko\u0159en\u00ed, \u010dokol\u00e1d\u011b a v celeru. Pod\u00edl potravin \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu na expozici kadmiu je ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s rostlinn\u00fdmi potravinami n\u00edzk\u00fd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eExpozi\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e1vka kadmia zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 pro \u010cR zasluhuje na\u0161i pozornost. V kombinaci s dal\u0161\u00edmi zdroji kadmia, ke kter\u00fdm pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka pat\u0159\u00ed zejm\u00e9na kou\u0159en\u00ed \u010di expozice d\u00fdmu z cigaret, m\u016f\u017ee kadmium p\u0159edstavovat v\u00fdznamn\u00fd rizikov\u00fd faktor. Kontrola by m\u011bla b\u00fdt zam\u011b\u0159ena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na rostlinn\u00e9 produkty, zeleninu a cere\u00e1lie a d\u00e1le na specifick\u00e9 potraviny \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu,<\/em><\/strong> jako jsou klasick\u00e9 droby, t\u0159eba ledvinky, kde se kadmium ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 ve vazb\u011b na proteiny <\/em>\u201c<\/strong> uv\u00e1d\u00ed profesor Ji\u0159\u00ed Ruprich.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monitoring diet\u00e1rn\u00ed expozice odhaduje d\u00e1vky kontaminant\u016f a \u017eivin, kter\u00e9 se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b do lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla a ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed tak na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci jsou schopni korigovat v potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 legislativ\u011b limity r\u016fzn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v r\u016fzn\u00fdch potravin\u00e1ch na trhu. \u201eV monitoringu diet\u00e1rn\u00ed expozice se vy\u0161et\u0159uje 3432 r\u016fzn\u00fdch potravin. Odeb\u00edraj\u00ed se na 32 m\u00edstech v \u010cR. Na trhu je v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 a\u017e 40 tis\u00edc druh\u016f potravin, kter\u00e9 se m\u011bn\u00ed. V\u00edme, co populace konzumuje. Zhruba 50 druh\u016f potravin je z\u00e1sadn\u00edch pro expozici, ostatn\u00ed jsou dopl\u0148kov\u00e9. Vzorkov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin se prov\u00e1d\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u011b v tr\u017en\u00ed s\u00edti. Modeluje se tak chov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159ebitele. Potraviny se kulin\u00e1rn\u011b uprav\u00ed v laborato\u0159i do podoby pokrmu a laboratorn\u011b se analyzuj\u00ed. Metodika je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b propracovan\u00e1 a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9 unie i ve sv\u011bt\u011b. Nehodnot\u00edme jednotliv\u00e9 potraviny, kter\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitel konzumuje. Nejedn\u00e1 se o ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrolu, kterou zabezpe\u010duj\u00ed  t\u0159eba org\u00e1ny ochrany ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed nebo St\u00e1tn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 a potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 inspekce.  My hodnot\u00edme sumu v\u0161ech potravin, kter\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd den v pr\u016fm\u011bru \u010dlov\u011bk sn\u00ed. Pokud zjist\u00edme, \u017ee expozice n\u011bkter\u00fdch kontaminant\u016f je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee se zm\u011bnit legislativa pro potraviny. Spolupracujeme p\u0159es zem\u011b EU a  legislativa se nastavuje v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9 komise<\/em><\/strong>,\u201c vysv\u011btluje re\u00e1ln\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f profesor Ji\u0159\u00ed Ruprich.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee v roce  2021 Evropsk\u00e1 komise vydala nov\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (2021\/1323 ze dne 10. srpna 2021), kter\u00fdm se m\u011bn\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed limity kadmia v n\u011bkter\u00fdch potravin\u00e1ch. \u201eV\u00fdsledky monitoringu diet\u00e1rn\u00ed expozice se tak pom\u011brn\u011b rychle prom\u00edtly i do nov\u00e9 legislativy,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 profesor Ji\u0159\u00ed Ruprich. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti potravin a v\u00fd\u017eivy pat\u0159\u00ed k d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm prvk\u016fm ochrany ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed. Takzvan\u00e9mu monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed diet\u00e1rn\u00ed expozice populace se St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav v\u011bnuje u\u017e od roku 1993. D\u00edl\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdsledky za rok 2021 prok\u00e1zaly u n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f potravin p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9m kontaminace pl\u00edsn\u011bmi. [v\u00edc]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3922,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,13],"tags":[80,87,309,92],"class_list":["post-3921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stravovani","category-zdravi","tag-onemocneni","tag-plisen","tag-potraviny","tag-rakovina"],"views":2228,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3921"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3921\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}