{"id":3758,"date":"2020-08-08T08:56:09","date_gmt":"2020-08-08T07:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3758"},"modified":"2020-08-08T08:59:50","modified_gmt":"2020-08-08T07:59:50","slug":"skodlivost-pesticidu-vychazi-z-aktualniho-vyvoje-poznani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3758","title":{"rendered":"\u0160kodlivost pesticid\u016f vych\u00e1z\u00ed z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje pozn\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\u0160kodlivost pesticid\u016f vych\u00e1z\u00ed z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale politick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed tu sp\u00ed\u0161e \u0161kod\u00ed, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Daniel Jure\u010dka, \u0159editel \u00daKZ\u00daZ<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z debaty o p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch na ochranu rostlin, u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 praxi, se posledn\u00ed dobou vytr\u00e1c\u00ed v\u011bcnost a \u010dasto i faktick\u00e1 spr\u00e1vnost. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161 proto, \u017ee zneklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed zm\u00ednky o pesticidech kolem n\u00e1s vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed siln\u00e9 emoce. Nal\u00e9zt ty spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi, rozpt\u00fdlit mo\u017en\u00e9 pochybnosti a vyvr\u00e1tit domn\u011bnky o nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 z\u00e1vadnosti pesticid\u016f jsme pokusili v rozhovoru s Danielem Jure\u010dkou, \u0159editelem \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho kontroln\u00edho a zku\u0161ebn\u00edho \u00fastavu zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho (\u00daKZ\u00daZ), v jeho\u017e gesci je mimo jin\u00e9 povolov\u00e1n\u00ed a inspekce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f na ochranu rostlin, tedy pesticid\u016f. N\u011bkde jsem zahl\u00e9dl zpr\u00e1vu, \u017ee ve sv\u011bt\u011b je zat\u00edm zn\u00e1mo okolo 34 000 pesticid\u016f, a prakticky v\u0161echny jsou odvozeny od zhruba 600 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch chemicky aktivn\u00edch substanc\u00ed. Ty \u010d\u00edsla zn\u011bj\u00ed ohromn\u011b. Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ale realitu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uveden\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt pochybn\u00e1. U\u017e pojem \u201epesticid\u201c m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00fd v\u00fdklad v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ekologick\u00e1 sdru\u017een\u00ed i m\u00e9dia u n\u00e1s n\u011bkdy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed terminologii zau\u017e\u00edvanou v USA. A tam se slovem pesticid rozum\u00ed pouze p\u0159\u00edpravky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed proti \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdm \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm, tedy insekticidy, moluskocidy, nematicidy, rodenticidy, talpicidy, ale nikoli v\u0161ak herbicidy ani fungicidy. V Evropsk\u00e9 unii pojem pesticid zast\u0159e\u0161uje dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed podskupiny: biocidy a p\u0159\u00edpravky na ochranu rostlin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00fd je mezi nimi rozd\u00edl?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biocidy se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k ochran\u011b staveb a materi\u00e1l\u016f proti \u0161kodliv\u00fdm organism\u016fm. T\u0159eba proti my\u0161i v dom\u00e1cnosti, pl\u00edsni na zdech, k likvidaci kom\u00e1r\u016f nebo ochran\u011b proti \u010dervoto\u010d\u016fm. Biocid\u016f je tedy v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f na ochranu rostlin a lid\u00e9 s nimi p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji do styku. Mnoho z nich se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i v dom\u00e1cnostech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edpravky na ochranu rostlin (POR) jsou v terminologii EU v\u0161echny v\u00fdrobky, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k ochran\u011b rostlin, tedy i herbicidy k ni\u010den\u00ed plevel\u016f nebo fungicidy k ochran\u011b proti houbov\u00fdm chorob\u00e1m. \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed kontroln\u00ed a zku\u0161ebn\u00ed \u00fastav zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd (\u00daKZ\u00daZ) se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 pouze p\u0159\u00edpravky na ochranu rostlin, zat\u00edmco povolov\u00e1n\u00ed biocid\u016f zaji\u0161\u0165uje Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed \u010cR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozum\u00edm. A kolik tedy pesticid\u016f, ve smyslu POR, je tedy v Evropsk\u00e9 unii asi tak zn\u00e1mo a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celkov\u00fd po\u010det pesticidn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek na sv\u011bt\u011b nelze zjistit pouh\u00fdm sou\u010dtem p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f povolen\u00fdch v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch, proto\u017ee stejn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky mohou b\u00fdt v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch prod\u00e1v\u00e1ny pod r\u016fzn\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy.  U p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f na ochranu rostlin nejsou po\u010dty v\u00fdrobk\u016f v EU centr\u00e1ln\u011b vedeny, ale celkov\u00fd po\u010det schv\u00e1len\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f na ochranu rostlin v EU je nyn\u00ed podle datab\u00e1ze Evropsk\u00e9 komise<\/a> 479. Pro porovn\u00e1n\u00ed, str\u00e1nky datab\u00e1ze Evropsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu pro chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (ECHA) uv\u00e1d\u00ed 887 biocidn\u00edch l\u00e1tek obsa\u017een\u00fdch celkem ve 4788 p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ing.<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pesticid\u016f pro pot\u0159eby zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed je tedy n\u00e1sobn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e biocid\u016f?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ano. Tady je ale vhodn\u00e9 dodat, \u017ee v EU je pesticid definov\u00e1n \u00fa\u010delem pou\u017eit\u00ed, nikoli slo\u017een\u00edm. Pesticidy nejsou jen chemick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, ale i v\u00fdrobky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed mikroorganismus, potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 suroviny, feromony i repelenty. Ostatn\u011b, mnoho pesticid\u016f je povoleno k pou\u017eit\u00ed v ekologick\u00e9m zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a pesticidy se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i v organick\u00e9m a biodynamick\u00e9m p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle p\u0159edpis\u016f EU se p\u0159\u00edpravky na ochranu rostlin rozd\u011bluj\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edpravky na b\u00e1zi mikroorganism\u016f a p\u0159\u00edpravky chemick\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


N\u00e1s samoz\u0159ejm\u011b kriticky zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed ty p\u0159\u00edpravky chemick\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do chemick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f na ochranu rostlin, tedy jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te chemick\u00fdch pesticid\u016f, pat\u0159\u00ed i v\u00fdluhy a v\u00fdta\u017eky z rostlin, potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky a feromony. V m\u00e9di\u00edch \u010dasto vznik\u00e1 nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed, kdy\u017e se hovo\u0159\u00ed o n\u00e1hrad\u011b chemick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Ale ty \u201eekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c v\u011bt\u0161inou tak\u00e9 rovn\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed v terminologii EU mezi chemick\u00e9 pesticidy. Proto rad\u011bji hovo\u0159\u00edme o rizikov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch a n\u00edzkorizikov\u00fdch alternativ\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cel\u00fd rozhovor – viz zde<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: ekolist.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 \u0160kodlivost pesticid\u016f vych\u00e1z\u00ed z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale politick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed tu sp\u00ed\u0161e \u0161kod\u00ed, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Daniel Jure\u010dka, \u0159editel \u00daKZ\u00daZ Z debaty o p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch na ochranu rostlin, u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 praxi, se posledn\u00ed dobou vytr\u00e1c\u00ed v\u011bcnost [v\u00edc]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[349,408,407,402,403,404,401,85,405,406],"class_list":["post-3758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi","tag-ekologie","tag-fungicidy","tag-herbicidy","tag-insekticidy","tag-moluskocidy","tag-nematicidy","tag-ochrana-rostlin","tag-pesticidy","tag-rodenticidy","tag-talpicidy"],"views":2560,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3758"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3758\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}