{"id":3726,"date":"2020-05-07T06:32:17","date_gmt":"2020-05-07T05:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3726"},"modified":"2020-05-07T06:32:19","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T05:32:19","slug":"koronavirus-ve-vodach-aneb-hrozi-nam-nakaza-z-vody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3726","title":{"rendered":"Koronavirus ve vod\u00e1ch aneb hroz\u00ed n\u00e1m \u201en\u00e1kaza z vody\u201c?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se mno\u017e\u00ed dotazy, jak je to vlastn\u011b s t\u00edm v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm koronavirem SARS-CoV-2, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobuje nemoc COVID-19 v pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b \u010di odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch. Hroz\u00ed n\u00e1m n\u00e1kaza v bl\u00edzkosti \u010dist\u00edren? M\u016f\u017eeme se nakazit pit\u00edm kohoutkov\u00e9 vody? Jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se virus z vody odstran\u00ed, pokud v\u016fbec? Tak si to poj\u010fme shrnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koronavirus v pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edtomnost viru SARS-CoV-2 ani jin\u00fdch podobn\u00fdch vir\u016f nebyla detegov\u00e1na v z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed pitnou vodou nikde na sv\u011bt\u011b a na z\u00e1klad\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00fdch poznatk\u016f je riziko z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00edm kontaminovanou vodou naprosto miziv\u00e9, sp\u00ed\u0161e nulov\u00e9<\/strong>. Na tom se shoduj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace jako WHO, Global Water Research Coalition [1], ale i n\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 \u010di profesn\u00ed organizace, nap\u0159\u00edklad holandsk\u00e1 KWR Water [2] nebo American Water Works Association [3], \u010di stanovisko N\u00e1rodn\u00edho referen\u010dn\u00edho centra pro pitnou vodu St\u00e1tn\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho \u00fastavu [4]. Kontaminace vod viry by p\u0159ich\u00e1zela v \u00favahu jen u povrchov\u00fdch vod, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina na\u0161ich velkokapacitn\u00edch zdroj\u016f jsou vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee v horn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech tok\u016f. Pokud by snad do\u0161lo ke kontaminaci povrchov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f viry, pak jsou standardn\u00ed \u00faprav\u00e1rensk\u00e9 a desinfek\u010dn\u00ed procesy na \u00fapravn\u00e1ch vod v\u016f\u010di n\u011bmu \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, tedy virus nen\u00ed odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n jen desinfekc\u00ed, ale i p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi procesy. Z pohledu \u017eivotaschopnosti koronavir\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee maj\u00ed slabou tukovou a proteinovou ob\u00e1lku a jsou velmi snadno ve fin\u00e1le deaktivov\u00e1ny desinfek\u010dn\u00edmi postupy jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 chlorace, ozonizace \u010di UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong>. \u00dapravny pitn\u00e9 vody nemus\u00ed z hlediska efektivity v\u016f\u010di odstran\u011bn\u00ed\/inaktivaci SARS-CoV-2 nic m\u011bnit na sv\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 praxi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koronavirus v odpadn\u00ed vod\u011b a ve vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Situace s m\u011bstsk\u00fdmi odpadn\u00edmi vodami a odtoky z \u010dist\u00edren odpadn\u00edch vod (\u010cOV) nen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak jednoduch\u00e1 jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pitn\u00e9 vody, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o daleko slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed matrici. N\u011bkter\u00e9 studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm fragmenty gen\u016f SARS-CoV-2, ne-li virus s\u00e1m, mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edtomny ve spla\u0161kov\u00e9 vod\u011b; na odtoc\u00edch z \u010cOV v\u0161ak toto prok\u00e1z\u00e1no zat\u00edm nebylo [5]. Ani p\u0159enos fek\u00e1ln\u011b-or\u00e1ln\u00ed cestou dosud nebyl potvrzen [6]. P\u0159esto, nebo pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, nejsou spla\u0161kov\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody a vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody v sou\u010dasnosti pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za epidemiologick\u00e9 riziko. Pokud jde o odpadn\u00ed vody ze zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kde lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru kontaminace SARS-CoV-2, ty je podle nov\u00e9 normy \u010cSN 75 6406 Nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpadn\u00edmi vodami ze zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi do stokov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b pro ve\u0159ejnou pot\u0159ebu<\/em> (\u00fanor 2020) zapot\u0159eb\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010distit – desinfikovat. Desinfekce, kter\u00e1 se obecn\u011b jev\u00ed jako p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 prevence pro vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody, u n\u00e1s doposud nen\u00ed standardn\u00edm krokem. Kauza SARS-CoV-2 snad odstartuje povinnost desinfikovat vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody na odtoc\u00edch z \u010cOV p\u0159ed jejich vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm do povrchov\u00fdch vod stejn\u011b, jak je ji\u017e dnes vy\u017eadov\u00e1no u jejich recyklace.<\/strong> Z tohoto d\u016fvodu nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 se ob\u00e1vat recyklovan\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod, jak m\u011bstsk\u00fdch, tak \u0161ed\u00fdch, nebo\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed operac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy recyklovan\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody je v\u017edy jej\u00ed desinfekce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pracovn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do styku s odpadn\u00edmi vodami, by m\u011bli v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat ochrann\u00e9 pom\u016fcky a dodr\u017eovat doporu\u010den\u00e1 hygienick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed [7]. A to hlavn\u011b z d\u016fvodu obecn\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch rizik p\u0159i nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpadn\u00edmi vodami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdskyt koronaviru SARS-CoV-2 v odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch v r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech stokov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b by mohl slou\u017eit i k indikaci epidemiologick\u00e9 situace v dan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b. Objevuj\u00ed se i studie nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee sledov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdskytu tohoto viru v odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch by mohlo fungovat jako jak\u00fdsi syst\u00e9m v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee v dan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b \u017eije v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det lid\u00ed s nemoc\u00ed Covid-19 [8]. Podobn\u00e9 studie se p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed i v \u010cR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1] Global Water Research Coalition – Factsheet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] KWR – Drinking water very well protected against all viruses, including coronavirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] AWWA – Coronavirus and water<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] Stanovisko N\u00e1rodn\u00edho referen\u010dn\u00edho centra (NRC) pro pitnou vodu k ot\u00e1zce p\u0159enosu nov\u00e9ho koronaviru (SARS-CoV-2) pitnou vodou, St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav, aktualizovan\u00e1 verze 8.3.2020.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] KWR – What we learn about the Corona virus through waste water research<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] Charleen Y., Sanghvi K., Danson Y.: Enteric involvement of coronaviruses: is faecal\u2013oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 possible 5,335 (2020), <\/a>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30048-0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] Stanovisko n\u00e1rodn\u00edho referen\u010dn\u00edho centra pro hygienu p\u016fdy a odpad\u016f k prevenci n\u00e1kazy COVID \u2013 19 u pracovn\u00edk\u016f provoz\u016f kanalizac\u00ed a \u010dist\u00edren odpadn\u00edch vod.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8] Medical News Today – Sewage could provide early warning of COVID-19 outbreaks
<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kolektiv autor\u016f \u00dastavu technologie vody a prost\u0159ed\u00ed V\u0160CHT Praha
Aktualizov\u00e1no: 14.4.2020, Autor: Lucie Pokorn\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: V\u0160CHT<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se mno\u017e\u00ed dotazy, jak je to vlastn\u011b s t\u00edm v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm koronavirem SARS-CoV-2, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobuje nemoc COVID-19 v pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b \u010di odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch. Hroz\u00ed n\u00e1m n\u00e1kaza v bl\u00edzkosti \u010dist\u00edren? M\u016f\u017eeme se nakazit pit\u00edm kohoutkov\u00e9 vody? Jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem [v\u00edc]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3727,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[365],"tags":[340,120],"class_list":["post-3726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-koronavirus","tag-koronavirus","tag-voda"],"views":2406,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3726"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3726\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}