{"id":3644,"date":"2020-04-08T05:55:16","date_gmt":"2020-04-08T04:55:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3644"},"modified":"2020-04-08T05:55:18","modified_gmt":"2020-04-08T04:55:18","slug":"vedci-potvrdili-prirodni-puvod-koronaviru-sars-cov-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3644","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bdci potvrdili p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed p\u016fvod koronaviru SARS-CoV-2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Koronavirus SARS-CoV-2 je nov\u011b objeven\u00fd kmen z \u010deledi&nbsp;<em>Coronaviridae<\/em>&nbsp;zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 respira\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zvan\u00e9 COVID-19. Na jeho propuknut\u00ed upozornily Sv\u011btovou zdravotnickou organizaci (WHO) \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady na konci roku 2019. Od t\u00e9 doby virus zp\u016fsobil celosv\u011btovou pandemii a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il se do v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed. Vzhledem k&nbsp;celosv\u011btov\u00e9 nouzov\u00e9 situaci v&nbsp;oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed pova\u017euj\u00ed v\u011bdci za d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 porozum\u011bt p\u016fvodu viru, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 l\u00e9pe p\u0159edch\u00e1zet dal\u0161\u00edm zoonotick\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem podobn\u00e9ho charakteru. Podle zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch v&nbsp;\u010dasopise Nature Medicine vznikl koronavirus SARS-CoV-2 p\u0159irozenou evoluc\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kristian Andersen, PhD (Scripps Research Institute, USA) a jeho spolupracovn\u00edci z&nbsp;n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch instituc\u00ed porovnali z\u00edskan\u00e9 sekvence genomu SARS-CoV-2 s dostupn\u00fdmi&nbsp;genomov\u00fdmi sekvencemi ji\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00fdch kmen\u016f koronavir\u016f, aby odhalili p\u016fvod a evoluci viru SARS-CoV-2. P\u0159i anal\u00fdze dat se zam\u011b\u0159ili na dv\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vlastnosti viru: dom\u00e9nu v\u00e1zaj\u00edc\u00ed se na receptor (RBD, angl. Receptor-binding protein) umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed zachycen\u00ed viru na hostitelsk\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch a m\u00edsto \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed, tj. molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj viru pro pr\u016fnik vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi st\u011bnami do hostitelsk\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto anal\u00fdz v\u011bdci nena\u0161li \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fkaz, \u017ee byl virus vyroben nebo jinak upraven v&nbsp;laborato\u0159i, a do\u0161li tak k&nbsp;z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee je virus produktem p\u0159irozen\u00e9 evoluce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obr\u00e1zek: Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed sekvenc\u00ed genomu SARS-CoV-2 s p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi koronaviry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"378\" src=\"http:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/covid-19-800x378.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/covid-19-800x378.png 800w, https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/covid-19-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/covid-19-1536x726.png 1536w, https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/covid-19.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Zdroj:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-020-0820-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro vysv\u011btlen\u00ed p\u016fvodu SARS-CoV-2 navrhli v\u011bdci dv\u011b nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti. Prvn\u00ed variantou je, \u017ee se virus vyvinul do sv\u00e9ho sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho patogenn\u00edho stavu p\u0159irozenou selekc\u00ed ve zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edm hostiteli, a pot\u00e9 byl p\u0159enesen na \u010dlov\u011bka. Podobn\u011b tomu bylo u p\u0159edchoz\u00edch n\u00e1kaz koronaviry, kdy se lid\u00e9 nakazili virem po p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m kontaktu s&nbsp;cibetkou (SARS) nebo velbloudy (MERS). Za nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rezervo\u00e1r SARS-CoV-2 pova\u017euj\u00ed v\u011bdci netop\u00fdry, z&nbsp;nich\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159enos vir\u016f na \u010dlov\u011bka zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n jin\u00fdm p\u0159echodn\u00fdm hostitelem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Druhou mo\u017enost\u00ed p\u016fvodu SARS-CoV-2 je p\u0159irozen\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br u lid\u00ed po p\u0159enosu zoon\u00f3z, tedy p\u0159enesen\u00ed nepatogenn\u00edho viru ze zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edho hostitele na \u010dlov\u011bka, v&nbsp;n\u011bm\u017e se pot\u00e9 virus vyvinul do jeho sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho patogenn\u00edho stavu v&nbsp;lidsk\u00e9 populaci. Tuto teorii podpo\u0159il fakt, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 koronaviry, izolovan\u00e9 nap\u0159. z&nbsp;luskouna, maj\u00ed velmi podobnou strukturu RBD jako SARS-CoV-2. Koronavirus z&nbsp;luskouna tak mohl b\u00fdt p\u0159enesen na \u010dlov\u011bka bu\u010f p\u0159\u00edmo nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zprost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00edho hostitele, nap\u0159. cibetky nebo fretky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli d\u016fkazy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee SARS-CoV-2 nen\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b laboratorn\u011b upraven\u00fdm virem, v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 prok\u00e1zat nebo vyvr\u00e1tit zde popsan\u00e9 teorie jeho p\u016fvodu a je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 stanovit, kter\u00e1 z&nbsp;nich je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zdroj:\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-020-0820-9\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-020-0820-9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Zdroj \u010dl\u00e1nku:\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biotrin.cz\/vedci-potvrdili-prirodni-puvod-koronaviru-sars-cov-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">BIOTRIN<\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Koronavirus SARS-CoV-2 je nov\u011b objeven\u00fd kmen z \u010deledi&nbsp;Coronaviridae&nbsp;zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 respira\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zvan\u00e9 COVID-19. Na jeho propuknut\u00ed upozornily Sv\u011btovou zdravotnickou organizaci (WHO) \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady na konci roku 2019. Od t\u00e9 doby virus zp\u016fsobil celosv\u011btovou pandemii a <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3644\" title=\"V\u011bdci potvrdili p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed p\u016fvod koronaviru SARS-CoV-2\">[v\u00edc]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3645,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[365],"tags":[357,340,377],"class_list":["post-3644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-koronavirus","tag-covid-19","tag-koronavirus","tag-sars-cov-2"],"views":2097,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3644"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3644\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}