{"id":3569,"date":"2020-03-04T19:40:09","date_gmt":"2020-03-04T18:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3569"},"modified":"2020-03-04T19:40:11","modified_gmt":"2020-03-04T18:40:11","slug":"rezistence-mikroorganizmu-v-potravinach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3569","title":{"rendered":"Rezistence mikroorganizm\u016f v potravin\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\nEFSA a ECDC p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu o mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed rezistenci v EU za rok 2018<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bakterie rod\u016f Salmonella a Campylobacter jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce odoln\u00e9 ciprofloxacinu, jednomu z antibiotik prvn\u00ed volby pro l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed infekc\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch t\u011bmito bakteriemi. Tento z\u00e1v\u011br je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed rezistenci u zoonotick\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed, tedy bakteri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed mezi zv\u00ed\u0159aty a lidmi, vydan\u00e9 Evropsk\u00fdm st\u0159ediskem pro prevenci a kontrolu nemoc\u00ed (ECDC) a Evropsk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159adem pro bezpe\u010dnost potravin (EFSA). Zpr\u00e1va tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje n\u011bkter\u00e9 pozitivn\u00ed trendy u zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posledn\u00ed data ukazuj\u00ed na velk\u00fd pod\u00edl multirezistentn\u00edch  bakteri\u00ed (odoln\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di t\u0159em a vice antimikrobik) rodu Salmonella. Rezistence k ciprofloxacinu je u lid\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e1, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f bakteri\u00ed rodu Salmonella. Mezi lety 2016 a 2018 se rezistence k vysok\u00fdm koncentrac\u00edm ciprofloxacinu zv\u00fd\u0161ila ze 1,7 % na 4,6 %. U bakteri\u00ed rodu Campylobacter hl\u00e1s\u00ed 16 z 19 zem\u00ed velmi vysok\u00e1 a extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e1 procenta rezistence k vysok\u00fdm koncentrac\u00edm ciprofloxacinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"amr\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vysok\u00e9 v\u00fdskyty rezistence v\u016f\u010di ciprofloxacinu jsou hl\u00e1\u0161eny tak\u00e9 u rodu Salmonella a druhu E. coli u dr\u016fbe\u017ee. Ciprofloxacin pat\u0159\u00ed mezi fluorochinolony, t\u0159\u00eddu antimikrobik kriticky d\u016fle\u017eitou pro hum\u00e1nn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed. Ztr\u00e1ta \u00fa\u010dinnosti fluorochinolon\u016f by mohla m\u00edt velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b kombinovan\u00e1 rezistence \u2013 sou\u010dasn\u00e1 odolnost v\u016f\u010di dv\u011bma kriticky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm antimikrobik\u016fm \u2013 salmonel v\u016f\u010di fluorochinolon\u016fm a cefalosporin\u016fm t\u0159et\u00ed generace a kampylobakter\u016f v\u016f\u010di fluorochinolon\u016fm a makrolid\u016fm, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00e1.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prohl\u00e9dn\u011bte si data: antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed rezistence v Evrop\u011b<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 2018 byl hl\u00e1\u0161en pouze sporadick\u00fd v\u00fdskyt p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f salmonel\u00f3zov\u00fdch infekc\u00ed s rezistenc\u00ed v\u016f\u010di karbapenemov\u00fdm antibiotik\u016fm, tedy antibiotik\u016fm \u201eposledn\u00ed z\u00e1chrany\u201c.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zpr\u00e1va tak\u00e9 obsahuje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 indik\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 pomohou \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm zhodnotit pokrok ve sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antimikrobik a v boji s antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed rezistenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U zv\u00ed\u0159at chovan\u00fdch pro produkci potravin se v obdob\u00ed 2014-2018 souhrnn\u00fd indik\u00e1tor citlivosti E. coli ke v\u0161em antimikrobik\u016fm zv\u00fd\u0161il v \u0161esti \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. To je pozitivn\u00ed pokrok, nebo\u0165 to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v t\u011bchto zem\u00edch, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby, bude m\u00edt l\u00e9\u010dba antimikrobiky v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci na \u00fasp\u011bch. Ve 40 % zem\u00ed (11) byl v obdob\u00ed 2015-2018 pozorov\u00e1n trend sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdskytu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9ho spektra \u03b2-laktam\u00e1z (ESBL) nebo AmpC-produkuj\u00edc\u00edch E. coli. To je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee ESBL-AmpC produkuj\u00edc\u00ed E. coli jsou odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1kazy lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud jde o antibiotika \u201eposledn\u00ed z\u00e1chrany\u201c, ve sledovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed nebyla rezistence b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 u salmonel a E. coli. Karbapenem\u00e1zu produkuj\u00edc\u00ed E. coli nebyly detekov\u00e1ny u brojler\u016f, kr\u016ft a v mase brojler\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm pozitivn\u00edm trendem za obdob\u00ed 2013-2018 je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rezistence v\u016f\u010di ampicilinu a tetracyklin\u016fm u bakteri\u00ed druhu Salmonella typhimurium, kterou u lid\u00ed zaznamenala \u0159ada zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Souhrnn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va je ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed publikac\u00ed ECDC a EFSA, kter\u00e1 hodnot\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed stav antimikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed rezistence bakteri\u00ed negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch lidi, zv\u00ed\u0159ata a potraviny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2017\/2018<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: EFSA<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EFSA a ECDC p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu o mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed rezistenci v EU za rok 2018 Bakterie rod\u016f Salmonella a Campylobacter jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce odoln\u00e9 ciprofloxacinu, jednomu z antibiotik prvn\u00ed volby pro l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed infekc\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch t\u011bmito bakteriemi. Tento [v\u00edc]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3570,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[351,352,40,353,97],"class_list":["post-3569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-onemocneni","tag-campylobacter","tag-ciprofloxacin","tag-e-coli","tag-rezistence","tag-salmonella"],"views":2271,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3569"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3569\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}