{"id":3157,"date":"2017-05-24T18:14:25","date_gmt":"2017-05-24T17:14:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3157"},"modified":"2017-05-24T18:32:12","modified_gmt":"2017-05-24T17:32:12","slug":"ne-vsechny-tuky-jsou-nebezpecne-a-ne-vsechny-jsou-zdrave","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=3157","title":{"rendered":"Ne v\u0161echny tuky jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, a ne v\u0161echny jsou nezdrav\u00e9."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznam lipid\u016f je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b velk\u00fd pro \u017eivo\u010dichy i pro rostliny. Lipidy <strong>jsou nezbytn\u00e9<\/strong>:<br \/>\n<!--more--><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pro stavbu bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch struktur a tk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>jsou zdrojem energie pro organismus<\/li>\n<li>chr\u00e1n\u00ed organismus p\u0159ed ztr\u00e1tou tepla i p\u0159ed mechanick\u00fdm po\u0161kozen\u00edm<\/li>\n<li>\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed se na stavb\u011b nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk a obaluj\u00ed nervov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna<\/li>\n<li>vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m jsou rozpustn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky jinak nerozpustn\u00e9 ve vod\u011b (n\u011bkter\u00e9 vitam\u00edny, hormony, l\u00e9\u010diva, barviva)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Tuk nebo olej?<\/h3>\n<p>Tuky jsou tuh\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, proto\u017ee jejich mastn\u00e9 kyseliny neobsahuj\u00ed (nebo jen velmi m\u00e1lo) dvojit\u00e9 vazby. \u010c\u00edm je obsah dvojn\u00fdch vazeb ve zbytc\u00edch mastn\u00fdch kyselin vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, kles\u00e1 u nich teplota t\u00e1n\u00ed, a tehdy jsou to kapaln\u00e9 oleje. To je tak\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi tuky a oleji, kter\u00fd vych\u00e1z\u00ed hlavn\u011b z konzistence t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n<p>Nev\u00fdhodou nenasycen\u00fdch (karboxylov\u00fdch) kyselin je, \u017ee na vzduchu se dvojit\u00e9 vazby oxiduj\u00ed kysl\u00edkem, dlouh\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce se \u0161t\u011bp\u00ed na n\u00ed\u017ee aldehydy a ketony, kter\u00e9 zap\u00e1chaj\u00ed. Tento proces naz\u00fdv\u00e1me \u017eloutnut\u00ed nebo st\u00e1rnut\u00ed lipid\u016f. \u00da\u010dinnou ochranou p\u0159ed st\u00e1rnut\u00edm je <strong>ztu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> tuk\u016f . Nasycen\u00edm dvojn\u00fdch vazeb vod\u00edkem (katalytick\u00e1 hydrogenace) se z olej\u016f st\u00e1vaj\u00ed tuh\u00e9 l\u00e1tky &#8211; tuky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se ale ztr\u00e1c\u00ed jejich p\u016fvodn\u00ed biologick\u00e1 hodnota pro n\u00e1\u0161 organismus<\/p>\n<h3>Transmastn\u00e9 kyseliny- \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ztu\u017een\u00e9, nebo ztu\u017een\u00e9 tuky<\/h3>\n<p>Um\u011bl\u00e9 trans tuky se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed z&nbsp;omega &#8211; 6 rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f tak, \u017ee za vysok\u00fdch teplot se m\u011bn\u00ed z p\u0159irozen\u00e9 cis formy tuk\u016f na um\u011bl\u00e9 trans tuky. Je prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b trans tuky jsou nej\u0161kodliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou tuk\u016f, zvy\u0161uj\u00ed a\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b riziko mnoha nemoc\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na srde\u010dn\u011b-c\u00e9vn\u00edch, ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed hladinu cholesterolu, zvy\u0161uj\u00ed tvorbu krevn\u00edch sra\u017eenin, zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva.<\/p>\n<p>Od 80.let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, se poukazuje na \u0161kodlivost um\u011bl\u00fdch tuk\u016f. U\u017e p\u0159i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed spot\u0159eby trans tuk\u016f o 2% se zvy\u0161uje riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a\u017e o 25%, co u\u017e stoj\u00ed za zamy\u0161len\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>zdroj: <a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/bYdlQi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Biopedia<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>&nbsp; V\u00fdznam lipid\u016f je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b velk\u00fd pro \u017eivo\u010dichy i pro rostliny. Lipidy jsou nezbytn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[93,109,112,297],"class_list":["post-3157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi","tag-rostlinne-tuky","tag-transmastne-tuky","tag-tuky","tag-ztuzene-tuky"],"views":3209,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3157"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3157\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3158"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}