{"id":25,"date":"2015-07-08T16:15:21","date_gmt":"2015-07-08T14:15:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/index.php\/2015\/07\/08\/rod-shigella\/"},"modified":"2016-04-04T16:14:09","modified_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:14:09","slug":"rod-shigella","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=25","title":{"rendered":"Rod Shigella"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Shigely jsou patogenn\u00ed pro \u010dlov\u011bka a prim\u00e1ty, u nich\u017e vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00faplavici tzv. bacil\u00e1rn\u00ed dysenterii. Ve stolici infikovan\u00fdch pacient\u016f lze prok\u00e1zat hlen, hnis a krev.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Bakterie rodu Shigella produkuj\u00ed toxin tzv. shiga toxin, kter\u00fd se uplat\u0148uje p\u0159i vzniku hemoragick\u00e1-uremick\u00e9ho syndromu (jako u entrohemoragick\u00e9 E. coli O157 : H7).<\/p>\n<p>Zdrojem infekce je \u010dlov\u011bk, vz\u00e1cn\u011b i kontaminovan\u00e1 potravina. Bakterie je velmi citliv\u00e1 na vlivy vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, p\u0159esto je infek\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e1vka k propuknut\u00ed \u00faplavice velmi n\u00edzk\u00e1. Epidemie jsou v\u00e1z\u00e1ny na hromadn\u00e9 ubytovny (letn\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 t\u00e1bory a intern\u00e1ty). Jde o typickou \u201enemoc \u0161pinav\u00fdch rukou\u201c (fek\u00e1ln\u011b or\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159enos n\u00e1kazy). K n\u00e1kaze doch\u00e1z\u00ed po konzumaci kontaminovan\u00fdch potravin nap\u0159. syrov\u00e9 zeleniny, ml\u00e9ka, ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a dr\u016fbe\u017ee. Ke kontaminaci potravin doch\u00e1z\u00ed vodou kontaminovanou fek\u00e1liemi, kde prim\u00e1rn\u00edm zdrojem shigel byl nemocn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_267\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-267\" style=\"width: 580px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-267 size-mh-magazine-content\" src=\"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/shigella-580x381.jpeg\" alt=\"shigella\" width=\"580\" height=\"381\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-267\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">textbookofbacteriology<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>P\u0159\u00edznaky onemocn\u011bn\u00ed:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00e1hle vznikl\u00e1 hore\u010dka (u d\u011bt\u00ed i febriln\u00ed k\u0159e\u010de), zimnice a t\u0159esavka<\/li>\n<li>k\u0159e\u010dovit\u00e9 bolesti b\u0159icha, lokalizovan\u00e9 sp\u00ed\u0161e vlevo<\/li>\n<li>pr\u016fjem-nejprve objemn\u00e9 vodnat\u00e9 stolice, s poklesem teploty se m\u011bn\u00ed na \u010detn\u00e9 mal\u00e9 stolice s krv\u00ed a hlenem<\/li>\n<li>bolestiv\u00e9 nucen\u00ed na stolici<\/li>\n<li>zvracen\u00ed jen vz\u00e1cn\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pr\u016fb\u011bh onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> z\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u011bku, v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b pacienta a jeho celkov\u00e9m stavu. Komplikac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hemolyticko-uremick\u00fd syndrom u kmen\u016f produkuj\u00edc\u00edch shiga toxin (Shigella dysenteriae).<\/p>\n<h2>Rizikov\u00e1 potravina<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>v potravin\u00e1ch se nemno\u017e\u00ed, mo\u017en\u00fd p\u0159enos kontaminovanou vodou. Ke kontaminaci potravin (syrov\u00e1 zelenina, ml\u00e9ko) doch\u00e1z\u00ed vodou kontaminovanou fek\u00e1liemi, kde prim\u00e1rn\u00edm zdrojem shigel byl nemocn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Diagnostika<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>kultivace nej\u010dast\u011bji na krevn\u00edm agaru, Endo agaru, DC (deoxychol\u00e1t citr\u00e1t) agaru, chromogenn\u00edm agaru, XLD (xylosa-lysin-deoxycholat) agaru, \u0161p\u011bp\u00ed gluk\u00f3zu bez tvorby plynu (narozd\u00edl od E. coli).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Terapie<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>l\u00e9\u010dba endiaronem, kotrimoxazolem, pop\u0159. fluorochinolony, ampicilinem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed hygieny p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin<\/li>\n<li>vylou\u010den\u00ed bacilonosi\u010d\u016f z manipulace s potravinami.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>zdroj: SZPI,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/web2.mendelu.cz\/\">http:\/\/web2.mendelu.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>foto:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/textbookofbacteriology.net\/Shigella.html\" target=\"_blank\">todar<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Shigely jsou patogenn\u00ed pro \u010dlov\u011bka a prim\u00e1ty, u nich\u017e vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00faplavici tzv. bacil\u00e1rn\u00ed dysenterii. Ve stolici infikovan\u00fdch pacient\u016f lze prok\u00e1zat hlen, hnis a krev.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1094,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[52,80,100],"class_list":["post-25","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-onemocneni","tag-infekce","tag-onemocneni","tag-shigella"],"views":3612,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1094"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}