{"id":2402,"date":"2016-08-13T12:30:29","date_gmt":"2016-08-13T10:30:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=2402"},"modified":"2016-08-13T12:41:55","modified_gmt":"2016-08-13T10:41:55","slug":"v-i-t-a-m-i-n-y","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=2402","title":{"rendered":"V i t a m \u00ed n y"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vitaminy jsou organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se mus\u00ed do organismu dod\u00e1vat. Jejich nedostatek zp\u016fsobuje avitamin\u00f3zu, kter\u00e1 se projevuje p\u0159\u00edznaky poruchy tk\u00e1n\u00ed, org\u00e1n\u016f, typick\u00fdch pro nedostatek jednotliv\u00fdch vitamin\u016f. P\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed vitam\u00edny se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 hypervitamin\u00f3za, kter\u00e1 hroz\u00ed zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i nadm\u011brn\u00e9m u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vitaminov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Vitaminy d\u011bl\u00edme na rozpustn\u00e9 v tuc\u00edch – A, D, E a K. Ostatn\u00e9 vitaminy jsou rozpustn\u00e9 ve vod\u011b.<\/p>\n

Vitamin C (kyselina askorbov\u00e1)<\/h3>\n

Denn\u00ed spot\u0159eba:<\/strong> 80-120 mg na den, denn\u00ed spot\u0159eba stoup\u00e1 p\u0159i infek\u010dn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, zran\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i fyzick\u00e9 a psychick\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei.<\/p>\n

Fyziologick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek:<\/strong> Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro norm\u00e1ln\u00ed funkci imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, zvy\u0161uje obranyschopnost proti infek\u010dn\u00edm chorob\u00e1m a n\u00e1dor\u016fm. M\u00e1 antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek, podporuje vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eeleza, p\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159i hojen\u00ed ran, pod\u00edl\u00ed se na degradaci cholesterolu. Neukl\u00e1d\u00e1 se v j\u00e1trech jako vit. A a D, je t\u0159eba ho konzumovat ka\u017ed\u00fd den.<\/p>\n

Nedostatek vitam\u00ednu zp\u016fsobuje:<\/strong> kurd\u011bje, krv\u00e1cen\u00ed d\u00e1sn\u00ed, an\u00e9mii, n\u00e1chylnost k infekc\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Obsah vitaminu C v mg ve 100 g potravin<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0160ipky 600 mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kiwi 300mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Paprika 131mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kapusta zimn\u00ed 105mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pomeran\u010de 59mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jahody 58mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Citrony 51mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Do uveden\u00e9 tabulky byly vybr\u00e1ny potraviny s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm obsahem vitaminu.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho se vitamin C nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve v\u0161ech druz\u00edch ovoce a zeleniny. Jeho vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem dos\u00e1hneme konzumac\u00ed zeleniny a ovoce v syrov\u00e9m stavu. Je citliv\u00fd<\/strong> na teplo, sv\u011btlo, ni\u010d\u00ed se va\u0159en\u00edm, sma\u017een\u00edm, konzervov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Vitamin D (kalciferol)<\/h3>\n

Denn\u00ed pot\u0159eba:<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u011bti: 400 UI<\/p>\n

Dosp\u011bl\u00ed: 100 UI<\/p>\n

Produkuje se v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble, aktivizuje se vlivem slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed – D3.
\nD2 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 se um\u011ble<\/strong> v laborat\u00f3riu- farmaceutick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky.<\/p>\n

Usnad\u0148uje vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edku, p\u0159i nedostatku v\u00e1pn\u00edku m\u011bknou a deformuj\u00ed se kosti, vznik\u00e1 rachitida (k\u0159ivice).<\/p>\n

Pokud se p\u0159ed\u00e1vkuje<\/strong> – je \u0161kodliv\u00fd ba a\u017e toxick\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Vitamin E (tokoferol)<\/h3>\n

Vitamin E- rozpustn\u00fd v tuc\u00edch<\/p>\n

Denn\u00ed pot\u0159eba:<\/strong> 10-20mg<\/p>\n

    \n
  • chr\u00e1n\u00ed bu\u0148ky p\u0159ed st\u00e1rnut\u00edm<\/li>\n
  • m\u00e1 ochrann\u00fd protirakovinn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek<\/li>\n
  • pod\u00edl\u00ed se na tvorb\u011b reproduk\u010dn\u00edch bun\u011bk (spermi\u00ed, vaj\u00ed\u010dek)<\/li>\n
  • vliv na hypof\u00fdzu- hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed produkci organismu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Obsah vitaminu E v miligramech v 100 g potravin<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Slune\u010dnicov\u00fd olej 50mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Mandle 25mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    S\u00f3ja 13,3mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Olivov\u00fd olej 13mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    O\u0159echy 12mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    P\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dky 8mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Vitam\u00edn K<\/h3>\n

    Je nezbytn\u00fd pro sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed krve.
    \nSt\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie jej produkuj\u00ed v dostate\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e, av\u0161ak antibiotika – (velk\u00e9 d\u00e1vky) ho ni\u010d\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Obsah vitaminu K v mikrogramech v 100g potravin<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Brokolice: 360 mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Zel\u00ed, kapusta: 90 mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B\u00fd\u010d\u00ed j\u00e1tra: 86 mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Hl\u00e1vkov\u00fd sal\u00e1t: 35 mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Vitamin A<\/h3>\n

    Denn\u00ed pot\u0159eba:<\/strong> 0,5 -1,2mg<\/p>\n

    Nedostatek vitam\u00ednu zp\u016fsobuje :<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • znemo\u017e\u0148uje no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed (\u0161eroslepost)<\/li>\n
    • velk\u00fd nedostatok- oslepnut\u00ed<\/li>\n
    • antioxida\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek – zabra\u0148uje vzniku rakoviny<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Obsah vitaminu A v mikrogramech v 100 g potravin<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Telec\u00ed j\u00e1tra 6 060<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Mrkev 4 500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0160pen\u00e1t 4 300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Mango 1 600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Petr\u017eel 1 200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Meru\u0148ky 933<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Raj\u010data 433<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \"ovoce<\/h3>\n

      Vitamin B1 (thiamin)<\/h3>\n

      Denn\u00ed pot\u0159eba:<\/strong> 1- 1,5mg<\/p>\n

      Nedostatek vitam\u00ednu zp\u016fsobuje:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • predr\u00e1\u017edenos\u0165 a nervovou labilitu<\/li>\n
      • chorobu beri-beri<\/li>\n
      • podil\u00ed se na metabolismu uhlohydr\u00e1t\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Obsah vitaminu v mg ve 100 g potravin<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Pivn\u00ed dro\u017ed\u00ed 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        P\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dky 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        D\u00e1le se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v: celozrnn\u00fdch obilovin\u00e1ch, lu\u0161t\u011bnin\u00e1ch, v hov\u011bz\u00edch j\u00e1trech, ve vep\u0159ov\u00e9m mase, ve vaje\u010dn\u00e9m \u017eloutku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)<\/h3>\n

        Denn\u00ed pot\u0159eba:<\/strong>
        \nD\u011bti a dosp\u011bl\u00ed: 1,9 mg
        \nT\u011bhotn\u00e9 a koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny: 2,5 mg<\/p>\n

        Nedostatek vitam\u00ednu zp\u016fsobuje:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • zastavenie r\u016fstu, zm\u011bny na poko\u017ece a s\u00edtnici<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Obsah vitaminu v B2 v mg ve 100 g potravin<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Pivn\u00ed kvasnice 3,78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          O\u0159echy 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          D\u00e1le se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v: obiln\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010dc\u00edch, ve vaje\u010dn\u00e9m \u017eloutku, v ml\u00e9ce a v ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          Vitamin B6 (pyridoxin)<\/h3>\n

          Denn\u00ed pot\u0159eba: <\/strong>
          \nDosp\u011bl\u00ed: 1,8 mg
          \nT\u011bhotn\u00e9 a koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny: 2,5 mg<\/p>\n

          Nedostatek vitam\u00ednu zp\u016fsobuje:<\/strong>
          \nP\u0159\u00edznaky \u00fanavy, nervozity, an\u00e9mie (p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k tvorb\u011b \u010derven\u00fdch krvinek)<\/p>\n

          Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v:<\/strong> p\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dky, o\u0159echy, s\u00f3ja, ban\u00e1ny, hov\u011bz\u00ed a vep\u0159ov\u00e9 maso, vnit\u0159nosti<\/p>\n

          Vitamin B12 (cyanokobalamin)<\/h3>\n

          Nedostatek vitam\u00ednu zp\u016fsobuje:<\/strong>
          \nchudokrevnost u p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch vegetari\u00e1n\u016f.<\/p>\n

          Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se:<\/strong> j\u00e1tra, ledviny, ryby, ml\u00e9ko a ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky<\/p>\n

          Bakterie v tlust\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b synt\u00e9zou tak\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed B12. \u010c\u00e1st z n\u011bj p\u0159ejde do krve, proto\u017ee absorp\u010dn\u00ed schopnost tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva je omezen\u00e1.<\/p>\n

          Miner\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky<\/span><\/h2>\n

          P\u0159esto\u017ee nepat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u017eivin, je jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost v organismu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1.<\/p>\n

          V\u00e1pn\u00edk Ca<\/h3>\n

          Denn\u00ed pot\u0159eba:<\/strong> 0,8 – 1,5 g
          \nP\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st v\u00e1pn\u00edku – (99%) se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v kostech a v zubech, pouze 1% je v krvi a v ostatn\u00edch org\u00e1nech. Vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1 se pouze za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti vit.D. P\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159enosu nervov\u00fdch impuls\u016f do srdce. Reguluje kyselo-z\u00e1saditou rovnov\u00e1hu krve.<\/p>\n

          Nedostatek v\u00e1pn\u00edku zp\u016fsobuje:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • nervov\u00e1 podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnost<\/li>\n
          • rachitizmus u d\u011bt\u00ed a osteopor\u00f3zu- \u0159\u00eddnut\u00ed kost\u00ed<\/li>\n
          • bolesti kloub\u016f a vypad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zub\u016f<\/li>\n
          • zm\u011bny srde\u010dn\u00edho rytmu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Obsah v\u00e1pn\u00edku v mg ve 100 g potravin<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Sojov\u00e9 boby 260<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Mandle 252<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            L\u00edskov\u00e9 o\u0159echy 225<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Vla\u0161sk\u00e9 o\u0159echy 87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            S\u00fdr vyzr\u00e1l\u00fd 810<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Tvaroh 300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Ml\u00e9ko 120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Vejce 58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u017delezo Fe<\/h3>\n

            sou\u010d\u00e1st hemoglobinu<\/p>\n

            Spot\u0159eba se zvy\u0161uje:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u017eeny b\u011bhem menstruace ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed denn\u011b asi 2 mg Fe<\/li>\n
            • b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a kojen\u00ed<\/li>\n
            • v obdob\u00ed dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n
            • p\u0159i jak\u00e9koli abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edm krv\u00e1cen\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Vitamin C podporuje vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eeleza<\/p>\n

              Denn\u00ed d\u00e1vka:<\/strong>
              \nD\u011bti: 12mg
              \nDosp\u011bl\u00ed: 15 mg
              \nDosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed: 25 mg<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Obsah \u017eeleza v mg ve 100 g potravin<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Pivn\u00ed dro\u017ed\u00ed 17,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              S\u00f3jov\u00e1 mouka 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Sezamov\u00e1 zrnka 10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Fazole 7,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u010co\u010dka 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Slune\u010dnicov\u00e1 jad\u00e9rka 7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Hov\u011bz\u00ed j\u00e1tra 11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              Ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk (magn\u00e9zium) Mg<\/h3>\n

              Denn\u00ed pot\u0159eba: <\/strong>
              \nDosp\u011bl\u00ed: 0,3 – 0,45g
              \nReguluje transmisi perifern\u00edm nervy<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Obsah ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku v mg ve 100 g potravin<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Slune\u010dnicov\u00e1 jad\u00e9rka 420<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Kakao 420<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Mandle 252<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              O\u0159echy vla\u0161sk\u00e9 185<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Celozrnn\u00e1 mouka 109<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Ban\u00e1ny 38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Pomeran\u010de 36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              zdroj: \u00daVZ SR<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Vitaminy jsou organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se mus\u00ed do organismu dod\u00e1vat. Jejich nedostatek zp\u016fsobuje avitamin\u00f3zu, kter\u00e1 se projevuje p\u0159\u00edznaky poruchy tk\u00e1n\u00ed, org\u00e1n\u016f, typick\u00fdch pro nedostatek jednotliv\u00fdch vitamin\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2410,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[24,71,88,114,119,122],"class_list":["post-2402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vitaminy-a-mineraly","tag-antioxidant","tag-mineralni-latky","tag-prevence","tag-vapnik","tag-vitaminy","tag-zdravi"],"views":3750,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2402","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2402"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2402\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2402"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2402"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2402"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}