{"id":20,"date":"2016-06-06T09:31:46","date_gmt":"2016-06-06T07:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/index.php\/2015\/07\/06\/chemicke-nebezpeci\/"},"modified":"2016-06-06T09:31:10","modified_gmt":"2016-06-06T07:31:10","slug":"chemicke-nebezpeci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/?p=20","title":{"rendered":"Chemick\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Otravy chemick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu mohou vyvolat cizorod\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v po\u017eivatin\u00e1ch a p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky v po\u017eivatin\u00e1ch.<\/h2>\n

L\u00e1tky z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1van\u00e9 do potravin jsou pod st\u00e1lou kontrolou p\u0159i technologick\u00e9m procesu a nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed p\u0159i dodr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159edepsan\u00fdch postup\u016f a d\u00e1vek z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed riziko.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t v potaz, \u017ee je pot\u0159eba o t\u011bchto l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch a jejich \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch v\u011bd\u011bt.\u00a0T\u00fdk\u00e1 se to zejm\u00e9na konzerva\u010dn\u00edch l\u00e1tek, um\u011bl\u00fdch sladidel, barviv a aromatick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 barviva<\/h3>\n

U potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch barviv nap\u0159.\u00a0u tartrazinu<\/strong> p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v \u00favahu u n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159ecitliv\u011bl\u00fdch jedinc\u016f mo\u017enost alergick\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed.\u00a0Proto na p\u0159\u00edtomnost tohoto barviva v po\u017eivatinu t\u0159eba konzumenta upozornit.<\/p>\n

Konzerva\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e1tky<\/h3>\n

Z konzerva\u010dn\u00edch l\u00e1tek se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kyselina benzoov\u00e1, parahydroxybenzoov\u00e1, kyselina mraven\u010d\u00ed, kyselina sorbov\u00e1 a oxid si\u0159i\u010dit\u00fd<\/strong>.\u00a0V\u0161echny tyto l\u00e1tky v povolen\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch jsou bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, av\u0161ak ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch mno\u017estv\u00edch p\u016fsob\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b.\u00a0Z p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f jedn\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o alergii.\u00a0Tyto l\u00e1tky nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro osoby s posti\u017een\u00edm jater, ledvin, \u017ealudku, p\u0159ecitliv\u011bl\u00e9 osoby a pro d\u011bti.\u00a0Str\u00e1vn\u00edk m\u011bl by b\u00fdt o p\u0159\u00edtomnosti t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek informov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Um\u011bl\u00e9 sladidla<\/h3>\n

D\u016fle\u017eitou skupinou jsou um\u011bl\u00e9 sladidla.\u00a0\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00a0um\u011bl\u00fdch sladidel by nem\u011blo b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no d\u011btmi<\/strong>.\u00a0I u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161eno individu\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n

Kontaminanty<\/h3>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou skupinou l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 se mohou v\u00fdznamnou m\u00edrou nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b uplatnit v lidsk\u00e9m organismu, jsou l\u00e1tky kontaminuj\u00edc\u00ed.\u00a0Povrchovou kontaminaci rostlin a plod\u016f lze z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti odstranit d\u016fkladn\u00fdm umyt\u00edm.\u00a0Z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, pokud jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se dostanou do p\u016fdy, vst\u0159eb\u00e1vaj\u00ed ko\u0159enov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem do plodin, nap\u0159.\u00a0kadmium, dusi\u010dnany<\/strong> a jin\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Z ovzdu\u0161\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee dostat nap\u0159.\u00a0olovo, organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (benzo (a) pyren)<\/strong>.\u00a0K rostlin\u00e1m kter\u00e9 nejv\u00edce kumuluj\u00ed dusi\u010dnany pat\u0159\u00ed \u010derven\u00e1 \u0159epa, \u0159edkvi\u010dky, hl\u00e1vkov\u00fd sal\u00e1t.\u00a0Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmem dusi\u010dnan\u016f do organismu \u010dlov\u011bka jsou\u00a0zel\u00ed, okurky, mrkev a sal\u00e1t.\u00a0Je to d\u00e1no jejich zastoupen\u00edm ve spot\u0159eb\u011b.\u00a0Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed z dusi\u010dnan\u016f spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee p\u0159i nevhodn\u00e9m skladov\u00e1n\u00ed zeleniny p\u016fsoben\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f vznikaj\u00ed z nich dusitany, kter\u00e9 jsou velmi toxick\u00e9<\/strong> zejm\u00e9na pro<\/strong> kojence<\/strong>.\u00a0I u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Dusi\u010dnany z krve p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed do slin a ji\u017e v dutin\u011b \u00fastn\u00ed se redukuj\u00ed na dusitany.\u00a0Ty se pak v kysel\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u017ealudku mohou slu\u010dovat s b\u00edlkovinn\u00e1 \u0161t\u011bpit a jin\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami na sv.\u00a0nitrosaminy a jin\u00e9 nitroslou\u010deniny.\u00a0Tyto l\u00e1tky se za\u0159azuj\u00ed mezi karcinogeny<\/strong>. Nitrosaminy a jin\u00e9 N-nitroslou\u010deniny mohou tak\u00e9 vznikat v potravin\u00e1ch do nich\u017e se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed dusi\u010dnany nebo dusitany k potla\u010den\u00ed r\u016fstu Clostridium botulinum.\u00a0K t\u011bmto potravin\u00e1m pat\u0159\u00ed slanina, uzeniny, uzen\u00e9 ryby a s\u00fdry.\u00a0Vyskytnout se mohou i v pivu a ve whisky p\u0159i nevhodn\u00e9m su\u0161en\u00ed sladu. Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed z nadlimitn\u00edch obsah\u016f kadmia<\/strong> je v jeho postupn\u00e9m hromad\u011bn\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na ledvin\u00e1ch, j\u00e1trech a prostat\u011b.\u00a0Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed krevn\u00edho tlaku a p\u0159i vzniku rakoviny prostaty<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010d\u00edm jsou zbytky pesticid\u016f.\u00a0Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou z\u00e1sadou je dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch lh\u016ft p\u0159ed sklizn\u00ed.\u00a0I relativn\u011b m\u00e1lo toxick\u00e9 karbam\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako insekticidy a herbicidy se snadno slu\u010duj\u00ed s dusitany za vzniku nitrososlou\u010denin, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed kancerogenn\u00ed a mutagenn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky.\u00a0Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem<\/strong> jsou konzervov\u00e9 plechovky<\/strong>, kde miniaturn\u00ed kuli\u010dky z p\u00e1jky zvy\u0161uj\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed olova.\u00a0P\u0159estup olova se zvy\u0161uje vlivem kysl\u00edku a proto se nesm\u00ed obsah ponech\u00e1vat v otev\u0159en\u00e9 plechovce.<\/p>\n

Z n\u00e1dob, n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed nehroz\u00ed riziko pokud se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v souladu s jejich ur\u010den\u00edm.\u00a0Nevhodn\u00e9 je va\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> nebo uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b kysel\u00fdch potravin v hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch<\/strong>, proto\u017ee v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hlin\u00edk p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do obsahu a m\u016f\u017ee nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b zvy\u0161ovat jeho p\u0159\u00edvod do organismu.\u00a0Pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely v\u0161ak hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 n\u00e1doby vyhovuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch toxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v po\u017eivatin\u00e1ch v na\u0161ich podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nejv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed houby, kter\u00e9 opakovan\u011b vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed smrteln\u00e9 otravy.\u00a0Pou\u017e\u00edvat se mohou pouze ty druhy, u kter\u00fdch nem\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed z hub vznik\u00e1 i p\u0159i nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9m zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s nimi.\u00a0Oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hub je \u010dastou chybou.\u00a0U hub doch\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dasto k rozkladn\u00fdm proces\u016fm, na kter\u00fdch se pod\u00edlej\u00ed tak\u00e9 bakterie, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mohou vznikat rozkladn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 mohou vyvolat v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

MUDr. J\u00e1n Ondrejka<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Otravy chemick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu mohou vyvolat cizorod\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v po\u017eivatin\u00e1ch a p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky v po\u017eivatin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1100,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[49,60,75,76,85,87],"class_list":["post-20","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kontrola-potravin","tag-houby","tag-kontaminanty","tag-nebezpeci","tag-nitrosaminy","tag-pesticidy","tag-plisen"],"views":4837,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/potravinyx.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}